On October 29, 2026, Ares Management reported third-quarter results and told investors, in the same breath, which half of the AI buildout it will not finance. CEO Michael Arougheti split the identified AI capital spending need at just over $5 trillion through 2030 into roughly $2 trillion of data-center buildings, power generation and transmission, and about $3 trillion of GPUs and chips. Ares will underwrite the first half and sit out the second, and the stated reason was capability rather than capital: Ares cannot model how fast GPU residual values decay.
GPU and chip financing need through 2030
$3T
Ares estimate, split of a >$5T AI capex need, Oct 29, 2026
Data-center buildings, power and transmission in that estimate
$2T
The half Ares says it will fund, Oct 29, 2026
Pricing on the marginal compute-backed loan
SOFR+550
CoreWeave's $2.6B delayed-draw term loan, closed Aug 10, 2026
Data-center financings now yielding double digits
18
Bloomberg tally, Oct 28, 2026
CoreWeave's funded debt at June 30, 2026
$30.2B
$13.6B of term loans plus $16.6B of notes, 10-Q filed Aug 12, 2026
AI-related debt issued in 2026 so far
~$500B
Goldman Sachs Research estimate, Aug 5, 2026
The refusal
Ares Didn't Refuse AI Lending. It Refused the Half It Cannot Model.
The replacement trade is not exotic. Arougheti described the target asset in unusual detail: large metropolitan sites — he named Tokyo, Osaka, London, Atlanta, Amsterdam and São Paulo — pre-let to large investment-grade hyperscale counterparties on 12-to-15-year leases with no termination rights and inflation escalators. The building is drawn against a contract that already exists, so the lender never has to forecast a technology curve. That contract, not conviction, is what makes the $2 trillion fundable.
Where Ares is putting its capital: the AI capex split
Ares estimate of identified AI capital spending need through 2030, presented on the third-quarter 2026 earnings call, Oct 29, 2026.
Unit: $ billion
Identified AI capex need through 2030
Ares estimate, Oct 29, 2026
5,000
Data-center buildings, power and transmission
The bucket Ares says it will fund
2,000
GPUs and chips
The bucket Ares says it will not fund
3,000
- What Ares will fund: pre-let shells on 12-to-15-year investment-grade hyperscale leases with no termination rights and inflation escalators, in metropolitan sites including Tokyo, Osaka, London, Atlanta and São Paulo.
- What Ares will not fund: GPU and chip financing, where Arougheti says he does not know how to underwrite the decline in depreciation curves on that technology.
- What it costs Ares: the firm sat out several of the largest investment-grade chip financings announced during the quarter, even with credit still generating about two-thirds of its fees.
- What it pays: third-quarter fee-related earnings grew 11% to $524 million at a 42.5% margin, on $691 billion of assets under management.
The franchise can absorb the refusal. Ares raised more than $31 billion of gross capital in the quarter, closed a first close of over $8 billion in equity commitments the week before the call, and guides to 16-to-20% fee-related earnings growth for 2026. Read the \"simpler underwriting\" line as both analysis and marketing: Ares earns two-thirds of its fees in credit, so its incentive is to keep pointing at the bucket it can win.
Is there a funding gap?
The Refusal Is an Underwriting Signal, Not a Capital Crunch
There is no shortage of money to fund AI. Goldman Sachs Research estimates roughly $500 billion of AI-related debt was issued in 2026 so far, that debt should cover about 33% of hyperscaler capital spending this year and roughly 35% in 2027, and that private markets hold about $4.5 trillion of dry powder. The scarce input is not capital. Scarcity has moved from money to balance sheet willing to warehouse obsolescing silicon.
The capacity arithmetic behind the refusal
AI-related debt issued in 2026 so far
~$500B
Goldman Sachs Research, Aug 5, 2026
Hyperscaler capex funded with debt
~33% in 2026
27% in 2025; roughly 35% expected for 2027
Direct hyperscaler debt supply, 2026
~$250B
Excludes project finance
Private-markets dry powder
~$4.5T
Across credit, equity, infrastructure and real estate
AI project finance and data-center deals, 2027E
$300B
On top of direct hyperscaler issuance
AI's share of investment-grade new supply
18%
1% in 2024, 7% in 2025
Insurers placing $50M+ 30-year orders
About half of Q1
Roughly 15 clients in Q1, about half as many by end of Q2
The evidence that this is a price problem, not a money problem, is who is walking away and why. Insurers are close to their data-center exposure caps and less willing to take risk off banks' books. KKR is steering clear of remote sites that would be hard to re-lease, and Carlyle has passed on several transactions. Those are not statements about the supply of capital. They are statements about the price of holding GPU collateral, and they set the terms for everyone who does write the check.
The new lenders
Who Actually Writes the Check Now
Four channels are absorbing the demand. Each one moves the risk somewhere different, and the destination matters more than the headline amount.
| Funding channel | Who is writing | Evidence from 2026 | Price of the money |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bank-led syndicates | JPMorgan Chase, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Morgan Stanley, Citigroup | CoreWeave's $2.6B delayed-draw term loan; ByteDance's $29.6B three-year unsecured facility | SOFR+550 on the CoreWeave term loan; above 11% on Volta Infrastructure's $5B syndicated loan |
| Vendor and borrower balance sheets | Nvidia, CoreWeave, Oracle | Nvidia's residual-value support of up to 25% per project; CoreWeave's $30.2B of funded debt; Oracle's $5.1B of trailing interest expense | Support rather than spread; Oracle's five-year CDS printed above 343 bps |
| Fee-based capital platforms | Apollo Global Management, Blackstone, BlackRock, Brookfield Asset Management, Goldman Sachs, KKR | Nvidia's platforms target more than $500B of third-party capital, with no per-partner allocation disclosed | Fees instead of spread, but platforms still get blamed if collateral disappoints |
| Insurance, pension and 144A issuance | Insurers near data-center caps; the private-placement market | Combined ABS and CMBS issuance of about $22B so far this year, little changed from 2025 | Best-rated data-center bonds moved from under 5% in January to near 7% |
- Banks are the marginal writer: JPMorgan Chase and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group were joint lead arrangers and bookrunners on CoreWeave's $2.6B delayed-draw term loan, while Citigroup and JPMorgan Chase coordinated ByteDance's $29.6B three-year unsecured facility.
- The vendor is the new backstop: Nvidia may support up to 25% of the residual value of an individual project, so credit that looks like real estate ends up as vendor risk.
- The borrowers are funding themselves: Oracle now pays $5.1 billion of interest on a trailing basis against $18.9 billion of trailing net income, and CoreWeave carried $30.2 billion of funded debt at June 30, 2026.
- The platform number is a target, not a commitment: Nvidia states the $500 billion is aggregate third-party capital the platforms are designed to mobilize over time, and no per-partner allocation has been disclosed.
The price of the money
Compute-Backed Credit Has Roughly Doubled in Cost
What compute-backed credit costs now
Basis points. AI credit basket spread per Goldman Sachs Research, Aug 5, 2026; CoreWeave term-loan pricing per the company's Aug 10, 2026 announcement, which launched in a SOFR+425 to +450 range; Oracle CDS levels per Bloomberg, Oct 20, 2026.
Unit: basis points
AI credit basket, 12 months ago
Goldman Sachs Research, Aug 5, 2026
74
AI credit basket, latest
Roughly double the level of a year earlier
148
CoreWeave term loan, at launch
Bottom of the launch range
425
CoreWeave term loan, priced
Closed Aug 10, 2026, Ba2/BB
550
Oracle 5-year CDS, Oct 15
Record close at that date
288
Oracle 5-year CDS, Oct 20
Record intraday level
343
- New-issue concessions on large investment-grade AI deals have widened from 2-to-3 basis points to as much as 20 basis points.
- At least 18 data-center financings now carry double-digit yields, and Volta Infrastructure's $5 billion syndicated loan priced above 11%.
- Best-rated data-center bonds went from under 5% in January to near 7%, with issuers saying around 8% is where the market stops working.
- 17 of 23 data-center joint-venture deals now trade wide of the yields they were struck at.
- Oracle's five-year credit default swap spread printed a record 288 basis points on Oct 15 and as high as 343 basis points on Oct 20.
This is what makes Ares' refusal look disciplined rather than fearful. A lender that bought compute-backed paper at 74 basis points of spread is now asked to mark it at roughly twice that level, with 17 of 23 comparable joint ventures already trading wide. Ares declined to compete for the paper that was repricing fastest, and its fee engine compounded anyway.
The circularity tell
Nvidia's 25% Backstop Is the Real Collateral
Nvidia's accounts show why it can afford to be the backstop. Trailing interest expense of $463 million sits against $192.9 billion of trailing net income on $302.97 billion of trailing revenue, and second-quarter fiscal 2027 revenue of $96.22 billion came with a 75.0% gross margin. The market's circular-financing worry is therefore not that the vendor is hiding losses. The vendor is quietly becoming the guarantor of the asset class it sells, which turns GPU financing into a vendor-balance-sheet decision.
- Nvidia may provide residual-value support for up to 25% of an individual opportunity, assessed project by project, on top of selling the hardware.
- Goldman Sachs's chief executive describes the same goal as creating \"a market for credit backed by NVIDIA compute\" — collateral defined by a vendor ecosystem rather than by a property.
- Any structure where the supplier guarantees residual value should be read as vendor credit risk in a private-credit costume, and priced accordingly.
The second-order effect runs through the supply chain. If the marginal GPU financing increasingly depends on the vendor's backstop, then GPU demand becomes a function of the vendor's credit decisions rather than of a private lender's appetite. That converts a funding cycle into a vendor-balance-sheet cycle, and it is why memory, foundry and power suppliers should be tracked on order-book sensitivity rather than on headline capital spending.
Supply chain
Upstream Gets Paid in Cash; Downstream Carries the Debt
| Layer | Company | The number that matters | What it means for the financing question |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upstream — memory | Micron Technology | Fiscal Q4 2026 revenue of $54.2B at an 86.7% gross margin; $84.97B of trailing net income | Memory is still paid for in cash today; a freeze in GPU financing reaches high-bandwidth memory orders before it reaches foundry revenue |
| Upstream — power and cooling | Vertiv | Q3 2026 revenue of $4.31B at a 38.1% gross margin, on only $40.5B of trailing interest expense | The shell-and-power bucket Ares is choosing sells into a data-center market whose financing still works |
| Downstream — neocloud | CoreWeave | $30.2B of funded debt at June 30, 2026; $640M of quarterly interest expense against $2.58B of quarterly revenue | The clearest case of the risk private credit walked away from, now sitting in public credit and equity |
| Downstream — hyperscaler | Oracle | Trailing interest expense of $5.1B; a record five-year CDS at 343 bps on Oct 20 | The barometer for the whole buildout: when Oracle's spread widens, every data-center financing widens |
| Downstream — Asian AI offtaker | ByteDance (private) | A $29.6B three-year unsecured loan coordinated by Citigroup and JPMorgan Chase | Bank balance sheets, not private credit, are underwriting Asian AI buildouts |
Upstream is being paid in cash today, so the risk is not that demand stops but that financing terms change first and orders follow. Downstream, the neoclouds and hyperscalers already carry the cost: CoreWeave's trailing interest expense of $1.87 billion sits against $7.59 billion of trailing revenue, and it paid $640 million of interest in a single quarter. At the far end of the chain, TSMC builds the accelerators and SK hynix supplies the high-bandwidth memory stacked alongside every financed GPU — and both now sell into order books whose pace depends on credit approvals.
Horizons
Short-Term Catalysts and the Three-Year Test
| What to watch | Window | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Oracle's five-year CDS and CoreWeave's bond prices | Weeks | The clearest live marks on compute collateral; CoreWeave's notes carry 9.00%, 9.75% and 9.625% coupons |
| Ares' next quarterly commentary on chip paper | Q1 2027 | A return to the bucket would mean private credit believes the depreciation curve; continued silence confirms the split |
| The first disclosed allocation under Nvidia's $500B framework | 2027 | No allocation has been published; the first one shows whether the vendor or the insurer takes the loss |
| Insurer and pension capacity for data-center paper | 2027 | Insurers are near their caps and their 30-year order flow has halved; their return resets the spread |
| A visible loss or restructuring in GPU-collateralized credit | 1-3 years | The first real loss decides whether compute was a contract or a story |
The thesis resolves one of two ways. If GPU residual values hold, the depreciation curve becomes modellable, private credit re-enters a $3 trillion bucket, and the spread on compute-backed credit compresses toward the 74 basis points of a year ago — with the most price-sensitive lenders on the street suddenly underwriting the asset class Ares just passed on. If residual values disappoint, the $3 trillion stays financed by bank syndicates, vendor guarantees and neocloud balance sheets, and the loss is recognised in bank credit and equity rather than inside a $691 billion private credit manager.
So the question behind the headline has a precise answer. Bank balance sheets and vendor guarantees fund the AI buildout, while the private credit funds that built the AI lending playbook are paid to distribute other people's capital rather than to warehouse the collateral themselves. The risk that matters most is now the least visible — sitting in loan books, residual-value guarantees and non-bank private placements.
Who this touches, and how
- Fee-related earnings grew 11% to $524 million at a 42.5% margin in Q3 2026, so the refusal is a deliberate mix shift rather than a retreat.
- Ares is concentrating on the roughly $2 trillion shell bucket, pre-let on 12-to-15-year investment-grade leases, and sat out several of the quarter's largest investment-grade chip financings.
- Near term: FY26 guidance of 16-to-20% fee-related earnings growth with no chip paper; over 1-3 years, a return to GPU collateral would signal the depreciation curve became modellable.
- The Aug 10 platforms with six asset managers target more than $500B of third-party capital, and Nvidia can support up to 25% of a project's residual value on a balance sheet carrying only $463M of trailing interest expense.
- Second-quarter fiscal 2027 revenue of $96.22B at a 75.0% gross margin shows the vendor can fund the ecosystem without financing its own demand.
- Over 1-3 years, vendor-backed residual guarantees convert compute credit into Nvidia credit — a demand floor for GPUs and a tail risk for the balance sheet.
- Apollo is a named partner in Nvidia's financing platforms, which is a fee stream rather than a warehouse of GPU collateral.
- Q2 2026 revenue of $11.21B and net income of $1.36B, on just $433M of trailing interest expense, show Apollo can expand AI financing without levering a bank.
- Over 1-3 years, Apollo captures the $300B of 2027 AI project finance without the depreciation-curve risk Ares just refused.
- JPMorgan co-arranged CoreWeave's $2.6B August term loan and is coordinating ByteDance's $29.6B facility with Citigroup.
- Q3 2026 revenue of $76.19B and net income of $14.94B give the bank the earnings cushion to warehouse AI credit.
- Near term, banks win fees and shed risk: concentration limits push AI credit into 144A and private credit, leaving arrangers paid but less exposed.
- MUFG was a joint lead arranger and bookrunner on CoreWeave's $2.6B delayed-draw term loan priced at SOFR+550, and on the earlier $3.1B facility.
- Arranging GPU-backed paper earns fees without a full warehouse, but retaining exposure to a Ba2/BB credit widens the bank's tail.
- Over 1-3 years, the repricing of AI credit turns arrangers' fee income into the most defensive revenue in the AI capital stack.
- $30.2B of funded debt at June 30, 2026 against $7.59B of trailing revenue; quarterly interest expense of $640M already absorbs 38% of quarterly gross profit of $1.70B.
- The August term loan priced at SOFR+550 against a launch range of +425 to +450, and roughly $4B of its corporate debt trades below 80 cents on the dollar.
- Near term, each refinancing at wider spreads pushes CoreWeave toward the vendor guarantee private credit refused to provide.
- Trailing interest expense of $5.1B against $18.9B of trailing net income; first-quarter fiscal 2027 interest of $1.43B equalled 30% of quarterly net income of $4.68B.
- The five-year credit default swap spread printed a record 288 bps on Oct 15 and as high as 343 bps on Oct 20.
- Near term, Oracle's spread is the market's cleanest read on whether AI buildout debt is fundable, and it sets the reference for every data-center financing behind it.
- Fiscal Q4 2026 revenue of $54.2B at an 86.7% gross margin shows the memory layer of the buildout is still being paid for in cash.
- Trailing net income of $84.97B on $133.19B of revenue leaves Micron able to fund its own expansion without the credit market.
- Over 1-3 years, a freeze in GPU financing reaches high-bandwidth memory order books before it reaches foundry revenue, so memory is the first upstream line to turn.
